src/hooks/useBudget.test.ts

@@ -128,3 +128,51 @@ describe("BudgetTable section subtotals stay on RAW rows (collapse is purely vis
     expect(rawExpense.annual).not.toBe(visibleExpense.annual);
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Issue #353 — the profile-wide transaction count (`totalInDb`) drives the
+// "import first" empty state of the Budget page. The exported reducer is
+// exercised directly (no renderHook harness in this repo).
+
+import { budgetReducer, initialBudgetState, showsEmptyState } from "./useBudget";
+
+describe("budgetReducer — SET_TOTAL_IN_DB (issue #353)", () => {
+  it("starts unknown: totalInDb is null, which keeps the grid", () => {
+    const state = initialBudgetState();
+    expect(state.totalInDb).toBeNull();
+    expect(showsEmptyState(state)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("stores the count without touching year, rows, templates or accounts", () => {
+    const before = budgetReducer(
+      budgetReducer(initialBudgetState(), { type: "SET_YEAR", payload: 2024 }),
+      { type: "SET_DATA", payload: { rows: buildBudgetYearRows(CATEGORIES, [entry(2, 1000)], []), templates: [] } },
+    );
+    const after = budgetReducer(before, { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 0 });
+
+    expect(after.totalInDb).toBe(0);
+    expect(after.year).toBe(2024);
+    expect(after.rows).toBe(before.rows);
+    expect(after.templates).toBe(before.templates);
+    expect(after.accounts).toBe(before.accounts);
+    expect({ ...after, totalInDb: before.totalInDb }).toEqual(before);
+  });
+
+  it("0 shows the empty state, then N > 0 renders the grid again", () => {
+    const empty = budgetReducer(initialBudgetState(), { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 0 });
+    expect(showsEmptyState(empty)).toBe(true);
+
+    const filled = budgetReducer(empty, { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 12 });
+    expect(filled.totalInDb).toBe(12);
+    expect(showsEmptyState(filled)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("the other actions preserve totalInDb", () => {
+    const known = budgetReducer(initialBudgetState(), { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 3 });
+    const after = budgetReducer(
+      budgetReducer(known, { type: "SET_YEAR", payload: 2025 }),
+      { type: "SET_ERROR", payload: "boom" },
+    );
+    expect(after.totalInDb).toBe(3);
+  });
+});

src/hooks/useBudget.ts

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ import {
   applyTemplate as applyTemplateSvc,
   deleteTemplate as deleteTemplateSvc,
 } from "../services/budgetService";
-import { getAllImportSources } from "../services/transactionService";
+import { getAllImportSources, getTransactionCount } from "../services/transactionService";
 import { useReportsPeriod } from "./useReportsPeriod";
 
-interface BudgetState {
+export interface BudgetState {
   year: number;
   rows: BudgetYearRow[];
   templates: BudgetTemplate[];
@@ -22,17 +22,25 @@ interface BudgetState {
   isLoading: boolean;
   isSaving: boolean;
   error: string | null;
+  /**
+   * Number of transactions in the whole profile (#353), `null` until loaded.
+   * The page shows the "import first" empty state when it is 0, instead of
+   * a budget grid with nothing to compare against.
+   */
+  totalInDb: number | null;
 }
 
-type BudgetAction =
+export type BudgetAction =
   | { type: "SET_LOADING"; payload: boolean }
   | { type: "SET_SAVING"; payload: boolean }
   | { type: "SET_ERROR"; payload: string | null }
   | { type: "SET_DATA"; payload: { rows: BudgetYearRow[]; templates: BudgetTemplate[] } }
   | { type: "SET_ACCOUNTS"; payload: ImportSource[] }
+  | { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB"; payload: number }
   | { type: "SET_YEAR"; payload: number };
 
-function initialState(): BudgetState {
+/** Lazy initial state: `year` is read at mount time, not at module load. */
+export function initialBudgetState(): BudgetState {
   return {
     year: new Date().getFullYear(),
     rows: [],
@@ -41,10 +49,11 @@ function initialState(): BudgetState {
     isLoading: false,
     isSaving: false,
     error: null,
+    totalInDb: null,
   };
 }
 
-function reducer(state: BudgetState, action: BudgetAction): BudgetState {
+export function budgetReducer(state: BudgetState, action: BudgetAction): BudgetState {
   switch (action.type) {
     case "SET_LOADING":
       return { ...state, isLoading: action.payload };
@@ -61,6 +70,8 @@ function reducer(state: BudgetState, action: BudgetAction): BudgetState {
       };
     case "SET_ACCOUNTS":
       return { ...state, accounts: action.payload };
+    case "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB":
+      return { ...state, totalInDb: action.payload };
     case "SET_YEAR":
       return { ...state, year: action.payload };
     default:
@@ -371,9 +382,18 @@ export function buildBudgetYearRows(
   return rows;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Whether the Budget page shows the "import first" empty state (#353) instead
+ * of the filter panel and the grid. Pure, so the 0 → N transition is
+ * unit-testable without a renderer. `null` (count not loaded) keeps the grid.
+ */
+export function showsEmptyState(state: Pick<BudgetState, "totalInDb">): boolean {
+  return state.totalInDb === 0;
+}
+
 export function useBudget() {
   const { accountIds } = useReportsPeriod();
-  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, undefined, initialState);
+  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(budgetReducer, undefined, initialBudgetState);
   const fetchIdRef = useRef(0);
 
   const refreshData = useCallback(async (year: number, ids: number[]) => {
@@ -407,13 +427,18 @@ export function useBudget() {
     refreshData(state.year, accountIds);
   }, [state.year, accountIds, refreshData]);
 
-  // Load the import-source list once, for the FilterPanel's account checkboxes
-  // (same query as the Trends/Compare source filters — see useTrends.ts).
+  // Load once on mount: the import-source list for the FilterPanel's account
+  // checkboxes (same query as the Trends/Compare source filters — see
+  // useTrends.ts) and the profile-wide transaction count (#353).
   useEffect(() => {
     (async () => {
       try {
-        const accounts = await getAllImportSources();
+        const [accounts, total] = await Promise.all([
+          getAllImportSources(),
+          getTransactionCount(),
+        ]);
         dispatch({ type: "SET_ACCOUNTS", payload: accounts });
+        dispatch({ type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: total });
       } catch (e) {
         dispatch({ type: "SET_ERROR", payload: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e) });
       }

src/hooks/useTransactions.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// useTransactions — reducer unit tests (issue #353).
+//
+// The project has no jsdom / renderHook harness, so the EXPORTED reducer and
+// its initial state are exercised directly (same approach as
+// useSnapshotEditor.test.ts and useBudget.test.ts). What is pinned here: the
+// profile-wide transaction count (`totalInDb`) is orthogonal to the paging
+// state — setting it never touches `filters`, `sort` or `page` — and the
+// 0 → N transition takes the page from the empty state back to the table.
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import {
+  transactionsReducer,
+  initialTransactionsState,
+  showsEmptyState,
+  type TransactionsState,
+} from "./useTransactions";
+
+const populated = (): TransactionsState =>
+  transactionsReducer(
+    transactionsReducer(
+      transactionsReducer(initialTransactionsState, {
+        type: "SET_FILTER",
+        payload: { key: "search", value: "epicerie" },
+      }),
+      { type: "SET_SORT", payload: { column: "amount", direction: "asc" } },
+    ),
+    { type: "SET_PAGE", payload: 3 },
+  );
+
+describe("transactionsReducer — SET_TOTAL_IN_DB (issue #353)", () => {
+  it("starts unknown: totalInDb is null, which keeps the regular layout", () => {
+    expect(initialTransactionsState.totalInDb).toBeNull();
+    expect(showsEmptyState(initialTransactionsState)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("stores the count without touching filters, sort or page", () => {
+    const before = populated();
+    const after = transactionsReducer(before, { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 0 });
+
+    expect(after.totalInDb).toBe(0);
+    // Same references, not merely deep-equal: no hidden reset of the paging state.
+    expect(after.filters).toBe(before.filters);
+    expect(after.sort).toBe(before.sort);
+    expect(after.page).toBe(before.page);
+    expect(after.filters.search).toBe("epicerie");
+    expect(after.sort).toEqual({ column: "amount", direction: "asc" });
+    expect(after.page).toBe(3);
+    // And nothing else moved either.
+    expect({ ...after, totalInDb: before.totalInDb }).toEqual(before);
+  });
+
+  it("0 shows the empty state, then N > 0 renders the table again", () => {
+    const empty = transactionsReducer(initialTransactionsState, {
+      type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB",
+      payload: 0,
+    });
+    expect(showsEmptyState(empty)).toBe(true);
+
+    const filled = transactionsReducer(empty, { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 42 });
+    expect(filled.totalInDb).toBe(42);
+    expect(showsEmptyState(filled)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the regular layout while a page is loading, even at 0", () => {
+    // The loading placeholder stays in place of the table so the card does not
+    // flash during the first fetch of a profile whose count is already known.
+    const loadingEmpty = transactionsReducer(
+      transactionsReducer(initialTransactionsState, { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 0 }),
+      { type: "SET_LOADING", payload: true },
+    );
+    expect(showsEmptyState(loadingEmpty)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("an empty page on a populated profile is NOT the empty state (default filter is 'since Jan 1st')", () => {
+    const state = transactionsReducer(
+      transactionsReducer(initialTransactionsState, { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 7 }),
+      {
+        type: "SET_PAGE_RESULT",
+        payload: { rows: [], totalCount: 0, totalAmount: 0, incomeTotal: 0, expenseTotal: 0 },
+      },
+    );
+    expect(state.rows).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(showsEmptyState(state)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("the other actions preserve totalInDb", () => {
+    const known = transactionsReducer(initialTransactionsState, { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: 5 });
+    const after = transactionsReducer(
+      transactionsReducer(known, { type: "SET_FILTER", payload: { key: "uncategorizedOnly", value: true } }),
+      { type: "SET_ERROR", payload: "boom" },
+    );
+    expect(after.totalInDb).toBe(5);
+  });
+});

src/hooks/useTransactions.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   updateTransactionNotes,
   getAllCategories,
   getAllImportSources,
+  getTransactionCount,
   autoCategorizeTransactions,
   getSplitChildren,
   saveSplitAdjustment,
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ import {
 } from "../services/transactionService";
 import { createKeyword } from "../services/categoryService";
 
-interface TransactionsState {
+export interface TransactionsState {
   rows: TransactionRow[];
   totalCount: number;
   totalAmount: number;
@@ -36,9 +37,16 @@ interface TransactionsState {
   isLoading: boolean;
   isAutoCategorizing: boolean;
   error: string | null;
+  /**
+   * Number of transactions in the whole profile, independent of the filters
+   * (#353). `null` until the count is loaded. The page needs it because the
+   * default filter is "since January 1st", so an empty `rows` cannot tell a
+   * profile without any transaction from a year without any.
+   */
+  totalInDb: number | null;
 }
 
-type TransactionsAction =
+export type TransactionsAction =
   | { type: "SET_LOADING"; payload: boolean }
   | { type: "SET_ERROR"; payload: string | null }
   | { type: "SET_PAGE_RESULT"; payload: TransactionPageResult }
@@ -47,6 +55,7 @@ type TransactionsAction =
   | { type: "SET_PAGE"; payload: number }
   | { type: "SET_CATEGORIES"; payload: Category[] }
   | { type: "SET_SOURCES"; payload: ImportSource[] }
+  | { type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB"; payload: number }
   | { type: "UPDATE_ROW_CATEGORY"; payload: { txId: number; categoryId: number | null; categoryName: string | null; categoryColor: string | null } }
   | { type: "UPDATE_ROW_NOTES"; payload: { txId: number; notes: string } }
   | { type: "SET_AUTO_CATEGORIZING"; payload: boolean };
@@ -60,7 +69,7 @@ const initialFilters: TransactionFilters = {
   uncategorizedOnly: false,
 };
 
-const initialState: TransactionsState = {
+export const initialTransactionsState: TransactionsState = {
   rows: [],
   totalCount: 0,
   totalAmount: 0,
@@ -75,9 +84,13 @@ const initialState: TransactionsState = {
   isLoading: false,
   isAutoCategorizing: false,
   error: null,
+  totalInDb: null,
 };
 
-function reducer(state: TransactionsState, action: TransactionsAction): TransactionsState {
+export function transactionsReducer(
+  state: TransactionsState,
+  action: TransactionsAction
+): TransactionsState {
   switch (action.type) {
     case "SET_LOADING":
       return { ...state, isLoading: action.payload };
@@ -107,6 +120,8 @@ function reducer(state: TransactionsState, action: TransactionsAction): Transact
       return { ...state, categories: action.payload };
     case "SET_SOURCES":
       return { ...state, sources: action.payload };
+    case "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB":
+      return { ...state, totalInDb: action.payload };
     case "UPDATE_ROW_CATEGORY":
       return {
         ...state,
@@ -136,22 +151,34 @@ function reducer(state: TransactionsState, action: TransactionsAction): Transact
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Whether the Transactions page shows the "import first" empty state (#353)
+ * instead of the filter bar, table and pagination. Pure, so the 0 → N
+ * transition is unit-testable without a renderer. `null` (count not loaded)
+ * and a loading page keep the regular layout.
+ */
+export function showsEmptyState(state: Pick<TransactionsState, "totalInDb" | "isLoading">): boolean {
+  return state.totalInDb === 0 && !state.isLoading;
+}
+
 export function useTransactions() {
-  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
+  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(transactionsReducer, initialTransactionsState);
   const fetchIdRef = useRef(0);
   const searchTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
   const debouncedFiltersRef = useRef(state.filters);
 
-  // Load categories and sources once on mount
+  // Load categories, sources and the profile-wide transaction count once on mount
   useEffect(() => {
     (async () => {
       try {
-        const [cats, srcs] = await Promise.all([
+        const [cats, srcs, total] = await Promise.all([
           getAllCategories(),
           getAllImportSources(),
+          getTransactionCount(),
         ]);
         dispatch({ type: "SET_CATEGORIES", payload: cats });
         dispatch({ type: "SET_SOURCES", payload: srcs });
+        dispatch({ type: "SET_TOTAL_IN_DB", payload: total });
       } catch (e) {
         dispatch({
           type: "SET_ERROR",

src/i18n/locales/en.json

@@ -319,6 +319,11 @@
     "transferIcon": {
       "tooltip": "Linked to a balance account",
       "ariaLabel": "Transaction linked to a balance account"
+    },
+    "empty": {
+      "title": "No transactions yet",
+      "description": "Import your bank statements first.",
+      "cta": "Import transactions"
     }
   },
   "categories": {
@@ -424,6 +429,11 @@
         "Use the split button to distribute the annual total evenly across all months",
         "Save your budget as a template and apply it to specific months or all 12 at once"
       ]
+    },
+    "empty": {
+      "title": "Your budget is built on your transactions",
+      "description": "Import your bank statements first.",
+      "cta": "Import transactions"
     }
   },
   "reports": {

src/i18n/locales/fr.json

@@ -319,6 +319,11 @@
     "transferIcon": {
       "tooltip": "Liée à un compte de bilan",
       "ariaLabel": "Transaction liée à un compte de bilan"
+    },
+    "empty": {
+      "title": "Aucune transaction pour l'instant",
+      "description": "Importez d'abord vos relevés bancaires.",
+      "cta": "Importer des transactions"
     }
   },
   "categories": {
@@ -424,6 +429,11 @@
         "Utilisez le bouton de répartition pour distribuer le total annuel également sur tous les mois",
         "Sauvegardez votre budget comme modèle et appliquez-le à des mois spécifiques ou aux 12 mois d'un coup"
       ]
+    },
+    "empty": {
+      "title": "Le budget se construit sur vos transactions",
+      "description": "Importez d'abord vos relevés bancaires.",
+      "cta": "Importer des transactions"
     }
   },
   "reports": {

src/pages/BudgetPage.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Calculator } from "lucide-react";
 import { PageHelp } from "../components/shared/PageHelp";
+import EmptyState from "../components/shared/EmptyState";
 import FilterPanel from "../components/reports/FilterPanel";
-import { useBudget } from "../hooks/useBudget";
+import { useBudget, showsEmptyState } from "../hooks/useBudget";
 import { useReportsPeriod } from "../hooks/useReportsPeriod";
 import YearNavigator from "../components/budget/YearNavigator";
 import BudgetTable from "../components/budget/BudgetTable";
@@ -23,6 +25,11 @@ export default function BudgetPage() {
 
   const { year, rows, templates, accounts, isLoading, isSaving, error } = state;
 
+  // #353 — a profile without any transaction gets the "import first" card in
+  // place of the filter panel and the grid; the title, help and template
+  // actions stay.
+  const isEmptyProfile = showsEmptyState(state);
+
   return (
     <div className={isLoading ? "opacity-50 pointer-events-none" : ""}>
       <div className="relative flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between gap-4 mb-4">
@@ -40,6 +47,21 @@ export default function BudgetPage() {
         />
       </div>
 
+      {error && (
+        <div className="mb-4 p-3 rounded-lg bg-[var(--negative)]/10 text-[var(--negative)] text-sm border border-[var(--negative)]/20">
+          {error}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {isEmptyProfile ? (
+        <EmptyState
+          icon={<Calculator size={40} />}
+          title={t("budget.empty.title")}
+          description={t("budget.empty.description")}
+          primaryAction={{ label: t("budget.empty.cta"), to: "/import" }}
+        />
+      ) : (
+        <>
           <FilterPanel
             temporalControl={<YearNavigator year={year} onNavigate={navigateYear} />}
             accountIds={accountIds}
@@ -47,17 +69,13 @@ export default function BudgetPage() {
             accounts={accounts}
           />
 
-      {error && (
-        <div className="mb-4 p-3 rounded-lg bg-[var(--negative)]/10 text-[var(--negative)] text-sm border border-[var(--negative)]/20">
-          {error}
-        </div>
-      )}
-
           <BudgetTable
             rows={rows}
             onUpdatePlanned={updatePlanned}
             onSplitEvenly={splitEvenly}
           />
+        </>
+      )}
     </div>
   );
 }

src/pages/TransactionsPage.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
-import { Wand2, Tag } from "lucide-react";
+import { Wand2, Tag, Receipt } from "lucide-react";
 import { PageHelp } from "../components/shared/PageHelp";
-import { useTransactions } from "../hooks/useTransactions";
+import EmptyState from "../components/shared/EmptyState";
+import { useTransactions, showsEmptyState } from "../hooks/useTransactions";
 import TransactionFilterBar from "../components/transactions/TransactionFilterBar";
 import TransactionSummaryBar from "../components/transactions/TransactionSummaryBar";
 import TransactionTable from "../components/transactions/TransactionTable";
@@ -51,6 +52,12 @@ export default function TransactionsPage() {
     setTimeout(() => setResultMessage(null), 4000);
   };
 
+  // #353 — a profile without any transaction gets the "import first" card in
+  // place of the filter bar, table and pagination. `rows.length === 0` is not
+  // the signal: the default filter is "since January 1st", so an empty page
+  // can still sit on a populated profile.
+  const isEmptyProfile = showsEmptyState(state);
+
   return (
     <div>
       <div className="relative flex items-center gap-3 mb-6">
@@ -73,6 +80,21 @@ export default function TransactionsPage() {
         )}
       </div>
 
+      {state.error && (
+        <div className="mb-4 p-3 rounded-lg bg-[color-mix(in_srgb,var(--negative)_10%,var(--card))] border border-[var(--negative)] text-[var(--negative)] text-sm">
+          {state.error}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {isEmptyProfile ? (
+        <EmptyState
+          icon={<Receipt size={40} />}
+          title={t("transactions.empty.title")}
+          description={t("transactions.empty.description")}
+          primaryAction={{ label: t("transactions.empty.cta"), to: "/import" }}
+        />
+      ) : (
+        <>
           <TransactionFilterBar
             filters={state.filters}
             categories={state.categories}
@@ -87,12 +109,6 @@ export default function TransactionsPage() {
             expenseTotal={state.expenseTotal}
           />
 
-      {state.error && (
-        <div className="mb-4 p-3 rounded-lg bg-[color-mix(in_srgb,var(--negative)_10%,var(--card))] border border-[var(--negative)] text-[var(--negative)] text-sm">
-          {state.error}
-        </div>
-      )}
-
           {state.isLoading ? (
             <div className="text-center py-8 text-[var(--muted-foreground)]">
               {t("common.loading")}
@@ -122,6 +138,8 @@ export default function TransactionsPage() {
               />
             </>
           )}
+        </>
+      )}
 
       {menu && (
         <ContextMenu